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At present, in Germany there are about 312 state higher education institutions that are divided into 3 types. There are 2 semesters every academic year. The typical study period in that a degree program will be completed is from 8 to 10 semesters at Fachhochschulen and universities 6 semesters, or 8 semesters for degree programs with complex practical semesters.
These include universities and equivalent institutions that provide higher education like technical universities, Gesamthochschulen (comprehensive universities) and specialised establishments at university level (for sport, medicine, administrative studies, theology and philosophy).
Just universities plus equivalent institutions are authorized to confer doctorates.
Fachhochschulen are educational foundations that have the task of supplying students with practical training academically or artistically. Degree programs as well as teaching accessible at Fachhochschulen are oriented to vocational studies plus the practical demands of working life.
Fachhochschulen provide shorter courses than any arts and music colleges or universities, especially in the engineering subjects, in social work, business administration, and creative arts.
One more strand of higher education institution is the Kunst-und Musikhochschulen that, like the respective subject fields in the Gesamthochschulen and universities, give training in the performing arts and fine arts plus in music subjects too.
In fact, German is the instruction language for all lectures, seminars and classes thus you will be asked to take a German language exam to get admitted to, or get registered with, an educational establishment. That is typically administered by the foundation itself and it is taken prior to starting your studies.